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Fig. 5 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 5

From: Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of cis, cis-muconic acid from lignin

Fig. 5

Fed-batch production of cis–cis-muconic acid (MA) from catechol by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum MA-2. Substrate consumption, growth and MA formation (a). Pulse-wise feeding of catechol (b). Glucose was added continuously to maintain the glucose level in the range between about 5–15 g L−1 (a). The vertical lines represent individual catechol feed pulses (b). The feed frequency was variably adjusted, depending on the signal of dissolved oxygen, which precisely indicated the time point of catechol depletion. As example, feeding was halted once during the initial phase, corresponding to transient catechol accumulation and was accelerated later in response to the faster conversion. The data represent mean values from two replicates. The fermentation data, specifying the MA level and the biomass concentration in g L−1 (Additional file 1: Figure S8A), the volumetric productivity (Additional file 1: Figure S8B) and the different yields (Additional file 1: Figure S8C), are given in the supplement

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