Fig. 1

Relevant metabolic pathways during aerobic production of malate in Escherichia coli. Gene names are depicted in blue, names of enzymes that were overexpressed to alleviate allosteric inhibition are depicted in green. Bold lines indicate enzymatic activities that were overexpressed or derepressed, dashed black lines indicate transcriptional repression, and dashed red lines indicate allosteric inhibition. Red crosses indicate deletions of genes and attenuated allosteric inhibitions (Oac oxaloacetate, Cit citrate, Ici isocitrate, 2-OG 2-oxoglutarate, Suc-CoA Succinyl-CoA, Suc succinate, Pyr pyruvate, Ac-CoA acetyl-CoA, Glyox glyoxylate)