Fig. 1

Variation of initial glucose concentration in batch cultivations. a Oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and cumulative oxygen transfer (COT). The dashed horizontal lines show calculated OTR_max levels [30] of 62.3 mmol/L/h for 20 g/L initial glucose concentration and 60.3 mmol/L/h for 30 g/L initial glucose concentration in the medium; b glucose concentration and acetate concentration; c pH and osmolality (Osm); d cell dry weight (CDW) and EcFbFP fluorescence; Cultivation conditions: Wilms-MOPS-mineral medium (initial glucose in culture medium: 10/15/20/30 g/L, 200 mM MOPS), temperature: 37 °C, shaking frequency: 350 rpm, shaking diameter: 50 mm, initial culture medium volume: 10 mL, inoculation OD₆₀₀: 0.5; Strain: E. coli BL21 (DE3) pRhotHi-2-EcFbFP; Concentration values have been volume-corrected