Fig. 5

Fermentation of YS58(G1-A8-A10-A2)-GDH strain. a Comparison of redox levels and 2-PE titers in flask fermentation with initial OD₆₀₀ ~ 6 in optimum medium. b Comparison of 2-PE production in 5 L fermenter of single-batch and fed-batch fermentation with initial OD₆₀₀ ~ 9 in optimum medium. For fed-batch fermentation, glucose (Feed 1) was fed from 3 to 11 h, and l-Phe (Feed 2) was fed from 8 to 11 h