From: A common mechanism explains the induction of aerobic fermentation and adaptive antioxidant response in Phaffia rhodozyma
Cell sampling time (h)
30
66
72
Culture condition
Astaxanthin %
54 ± 3
73 ± 1
76 ± 1
−Cu
57 ± 2
50 ± 0.5
56 ± 1
+Cu
β-Carotene %
17 ± 2
5 ± 1
2 ± 0.5
9 ± 1
6 ± 1