Table 2 The concentrations and yields of CA from converted glycerol by Yarrowia and Aspergillus strains

Y. lipolytica 1.31

Crude glycerol

124.5

0.62

0.88

[69]

Pure/crude glycerol + glucose

71

0.45–0.46

0.57–0.69

[67]

Crude glycerol

126–155

0.58–0.63

0.6–1.05

[68]

Y. lipolytica Wratislavia AWG7

Pure glycerol

51.2–86.5

0.59–0.67

0.78–1.59

[60]

Pure/crude glycerol + glucose

76.6

0.46–0.48

0.76–0.81

[67]

Crude glycerol

113.5–157.5

0.55–0.57

0.6–0.94

[68]

Crude glycerol

154

0.78

1.05

[71]

Y. lipolytica K-1

Pure glycerol

75.7

0.40

0.81

[69]

Pure/crude glycerol + glucose

36.8–53.3

0.27–0.3

0.51–0.64

[67]

Y. lipolytica A-101

Pure/crude glycerol + glucose

82.2

0.45–0.52

0.71–0.83

[67]

Y. lipolytica A-101-1.22

Crude glycerol

112

0.6

0.71

[70]

Y. lipolytica N15

Pure glycerol

98

0.70

1.14

[72]

Crude glycerol

71

0.9

0.89

Y. lipolytica NG40/UV7

Pure glycerol

115

0.64

0.80

[73].

Crude glycerol

112

0.9

0.82

Crude glycerol + fatty acids

122.2

0.95

0.99

[9]

Y. lipolytica NRRL YB-423

Pure glycerol

21.6

–

0.94

[61]

Y. lipolytica ACADC 50109

Crude glycerol

62.5

0.56

0.1

[32]

Glucose

50–55

0.83

0.6

[74]

Pure glycerol

17.8

0.3

0.2

Y. lipolytica JMY1203

Crude glycerol/glucose

57.7

0.92

0.17

[63]

Y. lipolytica NCIM 3589

Crude glycerol

77.39

–

–

[16]

Y. lipolytica LGAM S(7)1

Crude glycerol

12

0.38

0.4

[75]

Y. lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682

Crude glycerol

12.94

–

–

[76]

Y. lipolytica LFMB 19

Crude glycerol

4.6

0.25

–

[77]

Y. lipolytica LFMB 20

Crude glycerol

3.2

0.13

–

[77]

Crude glycerol

42

0.39

–

[13]

Glucose

58

0.55

–

Glucose + crude glycerol

53.4

0.41

–

Y. lipolytica ACA-YC 5033

Crude glycerol

50.1

0.44

–

[77]

Aspergillus niger

Pure glycerol

17

–

–

[78]