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Table 2 Summary of reported batch and fed-batch fermentations of C. oleaginosus

From: Opportunities and challenges in the development of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a new cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils

Year

Authors

Mode

Substrate

C:N (g/g)

T (°C)

O2 (v/v/h)

pH

V (l)

CL (g/l)

YLX (% g/g)

LA

CX (g/l)

YLS (g/100 g substrate)

YLT (g/l/h)

Ct (h)

1978

Moon [63]

Batch

Whey (lactose)

nd

30

15

5.8

10

9.3

nd

G

nd

20

0.1292

72

  

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

nd

30

15

5.86

10

15.6

58.2

G

26.8

27

0.2167

72

1978

Moon [1]

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

nd

30

1

5.2–5.8

14

9.3

20

F

46.5

15

0.1292

72

1983

Evans [22]

Batch

Semi-defined (glucose)

nd

30

1

5.5

1

33.2

33.2

F

10.2

11.9

0.3689

90

  

Batch

Semi-defined (sucrose)

nd

30

1

5.5

1

37.4

37.4

F

11.2

14.8

0.4156

90

  

Batch

Semi-defined (lactose)

nd

30

1

5.5

1

39.2

39.2

F

12.5

16.5

0.4356

90

  

Batch

Semi-defined (xylose)

nd

30

1

5.5

1

48.6

48.6

F

9.9

17.4

0.54

90

  

Batch

Semi-defined (EtOH)

nd

30

1

5.5

1

30.1

30.1

F

8.5

10

0.3344

90

1988

Vega [77]

Fed-batch

Banana juice

nd

30

1

5.2

0.5

6.18

59

G

10.32

nd

0.0858

72

  

Batch

Banana juice

nd

30

1

5.2

0.5

7.81

73.7

G

10.6

nd

0.1085

72

  

Batch

Banana juice

nd

30

1

5.2

0.5

4.14

28.5

G

14.5

nd

0.0575

72

1988

Ykema [39]

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

25

30

> 10%

4.8

1

4.18

18

G

23.2

nd

0.155

27

  

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

40

30

> 10%

4.8

1

8.85

36

G

24.6

nd

0.199

39

  

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

70

30

> 10%

4.8

1

11.43

58

G

19.7

nd

0.123

93

  

Fed-batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

40

30

> 10%

4.8

1

29.75

35

G

85

nd

0.372

70

1995

Hassan [61]

Fed-batch

Full synthetic (glucose) N-lim

32.4

30

> 20%

5.5

1.8

3.83

22.5

F

17

12.75

0.1472

26

  

Fed-batch

Full synthetic (glucose) Fe-lim

3.5

30

> 20%

5.5

1.8

1.62

9

F

18

3

0.0623

26

1996

Meesters [31]

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (glycerol)

20

30

1.2

5.5

0.5

29.5

25

F

118

11

0.59

50

1998

Daniel [93]

Batch

Whey permeate (lactose)

ng

30

ng

5.8

1.5

20

58.8

F

34

20

0.1379

145

1995

Hassan [61]

Batch

Prickly-pear juice

50

30

> 20%

5.5

1.8

8.75

46

G

19.02

21

0.25

35

2010

Liang [94] ⁠

Fed-batch

Crude glycerol

 

28

0.67

5.5

1.6

13.8

44.2

G

31.2

nd

0.0479

288

2011

Zheng [33] ⁠

Fed-batch

Semi defined (volatile fatty acids)

nd

30

1

7

2

37

nd

G

68.8

nd

0.51

72

2011

Yu [49]

Batch

Wheat straw hydrolysate

nd

28

nd

nd

0.05

5.8

33.5

F

17.2

4.7

0.0345

168

  

Batch

Wheat straw hydrolysate, detoxified

nd

28

nd

nd

0.05

4.2

27.1

F

15.6

3.4

0.025

168

2011

Chi [52] ⁠

Batch

Wastewater

10.6

25

nd

66

0.05

0.8

11.1

F

7.5

nd

0.0058

144

2012

Cui [53]

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (glucose)

30

30.2

0.6

5.5

1

17.4

52.9

G

32.9

36

0.0604

288

  

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (glucose)

30

30.2

0.6

6

1

21.8

49

G

44.5

26

0.0757

288

2012

Christophe [50]

Fed-batch

Full synthetic (glucose) phase 1

nd

30

0.5

6

4

1.67

16

G

10.46

11

0.0697

24

  

Fed-batch

Full synthetic (acetate) phase 2

50

30

0.5

6

4

6.89

51

G

13.5

15

0.1377

50

  

Batch

Full synthetic (glucose)

nd

30

nd

nd

0.25

3.31

47.3

G

7

15

0.0345

96

  

Batch

Full synthetic (acetate)

nd

30

nd

nd

0.25

0.83

27.8

G

3

19

0.0087

96

2013

Gong [95]

Flask

Corn stover hydrolysate

nd

30

nd

nd

0.05

6

nd

G

nd

nd

0.125

48

  

Flask, SSF

Corn stover

nd

30

nd

nd

0.05

7.2

43.4

G

16.5

nd

0.15

48

2014

Xu [76] ⁠

Fed-batch

Mannitol + VFAs

nd

30

0.5

5.5

2

1.3

36.1

G

3.6

nd

0.0271

48

2014

Liang [96]

Flask

Sorghum baghasse hydrolysate

nd

26

nd

nd

0.04

10.8

40

G

27

14

0.075

144

2014

Zhang [75] ⁠

Batch

Acid-thermal pre-treated sludge

18.99

28

nd

6.5

0.15

19.6

52.8

G

37.1

nd

0.4083

48

  

Batch

Thermal pre-treated sludge

22.26

28

nd

6.5

0.15

20.4

81.0

G

25.2

nd

0.4250

48

  

Batch

Alkaline-thermal pre-treated sludge

15.67

28

nd

6.5

0.15

20.1

51.8

G

38.8

nd

0.4786

42

2015

Beligon [72] ⁠

Batch

Acetate

nd

30

0.1

6

5

0.26

15

G

1.71

6

nd

nd

  

Batch

Acetate

nd

30

0.1

7

5

0.4

18.0

G

2.23

9

nd

nd

  

Fed-batch

Acetate

10

30

0.1

7

5

12.0

15.0

G

80

5.4

0.2600

60

2016

Gong [46]

Flask

Semi defined (glucose, xylose, acetic acid)

72

30

nd

7

0.05

24.5

59.3

G

14.5

17.5

0.2269

108

  

Flask

Corn stover hydrolysate

61

30

nd

7

0.05

11.8

60.8

G

6.9

9.6

0.1229

96

2017

Meo [97]

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (glucose)

15

30

0.1

6.5

0.01

20.4

56.7

F

35.8

11

0.2833

72

  

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (galactose)

15

30

0.1

6.5

0.01

18.6

61

F

31

13

0.2583

72

  

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (mannose)

15

30

0.1

6.5

0.01

8.9

48

F

18

9

0.1236

72

  

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (sugar mix)

15

30

0.1

6.5

0.01

21

58

F

35.5

11

0.2917

72

  

Fed-batch

Semi-defined (glucose), P-lim

15

30

0.1

6.5

0.01

11

39.3

F

27.9

5

0.1528

72

  

Partial recycling

Semi-defined (glucose)

15

30

2

6.5

5

16.2

52

F

31.5

31

0.4263

38

  

Partial recycling

Algae hydrolysate

5

30

2

6.5

5

30.6

53

F

58

43

0.3255

94

2017

Park [45]

Flask

VFA broth with glucose

nd

25

nd

5.5

0.25

3.2

32.2

F

1.0

17

0.0889

36

  1. Cultivation modes include batch, fed-batch, flask, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) as well as a membrane bioreactor approach. If not stated differently, lipid accumulation is induced via nitrogen limitation. Aeration is given in volume air per volume culture per hour if not stated differently. In some cases, aeration was adjusted by setting oxygen concentration in the culture over a threshold value (> 10, > 20%). Biomass (CX) and lipid concentration (CL) are given in g/l, lipid content (YLX) is given in % g/g and total lipid productivity (YLT) is shown as g/l/h. LA shows the method of lipid quantification [fatty acid extraction and GC analysis (F) or total gravimetric lipid analysis (G)]. Substrate yield YLS is shown in gram lipid per 100 g carbohydrate