A combination of HPLC and automated data analysis for monitoring the efficiency of high-pressure homogenization

Table 1 Most common cell disruption principles, respective methods as well as advantages and disadvantages

Principle of cell disruption	Method	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Chemical	Detergents, solvents, acid, base	Standard lab equipment sufficient, selective release	Expensive, not scalable, not controllable	[8,9,10,11]
Biological	Lysozyme	Standard lab equipment sufficient	Expensive, not scalable, additional impurity	[12, 13]
Physical	Freeze–thawing	Standard lab equipment sufficient	Not scalable, inefficient	[14]
	Acoustic cavitation	Fast, efficient, easy handling	Not scalable, time consuming	[12, 14, 15]
	Hydrodynamic cavitation	Selective release	Inefficient, not scalable	[10, 16, 17]
	Osmotic shock	Selective release	Time consuming, not scalable	[10, 11, 18]
Mechanical	Grinding (e.g. bead mill)	Efficient	Time consuming, not scalable, generation of heat	[10, 11, 14, 15]
Mechanical	High-pressure homogenization	Efficient, scalable	Generation of heat	[13, 15, 18,19,20,21]

ISSN: 1475-2859