Fig. 3

FFA and fatty alcohol production profiles using CUP1p-FAA1. Fatty alcohols (a) and FFA (b) produced by YZFOH2 expressing FAA1 under control of the CUP1 promoter, induced by adding Cu²⁺ at 24 h (CUP1-i24 h) or 48 h (CUP1-i48 h) and without addition of Cu²⁺. For comparison, the same strain without expression of FAA1 (p413) or with FAA1 being expressed under control of the TEF1 promoter were used. c Final fatty alcohol specific titers at 72 h normalized to the OD₆₀₀ values. Also shown is the distribution of fatty alcohols in terms of chain length and saturation levels. Experiments were performed with biological triplicates. *p value <0.05, “NS” (not significant): p value >0.05 (student’s t test)