Fig. 4

High density cultivation of C. salexigens in fed-batch system. a Culture profile of a fed-batch culture of C. salexigens exponentially fed at a fixed rate of 0.05 h⁻¹. The initial batch and the fed-batch phases are indicated in the figure. The evolution of biomass (black squares) and the major by-products, gluconate (black circles), pyruvate (white circles), acetate (black triangles) and lactate (white triangles) is shown. b Time profile of volumetric titer of total ectoines (black circles), and ectoine to hydroxyectoine ratio (white triangles) in the same fed-batch culture. Fermentations were run in a Biostat B system, as described under the “Methods” section under conditions denoted as Fed-Batch C (see Table 1 for details on conditions)