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Table 1 Cobalamin biosynthetic pathway in microbes

From: Microbial production of vitamin B12: a review and future perspectives

Microorganisms

De novo synthesis pathway

Salvage pathway

References

Aerobes

 Pseudomonas dentrificans

Yes

Yes

[3]

 Rhodobacter capusulatus

Yes

Yes

[3]

 Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Yes

Yes

[3]

 Sinorhizobium meliloti

Yes

Yes

[3]

Anaerobes

 Salmonella typhimurium

Yes

Yes

[4]

 Bacillus megaterium

Yes

*

[5]

 Propionibacterium shermanii

Yes

*

[5]

 Escherichia coli

No

Yes

[4]

 Thermotoga sp. RQ2

No

No

[6]

 Thermotoga maritima MSB8

No

No

[6]

 Thermotoga neapolitana

No

No

[6]

 Thermotoga petrophila

No

No

[6]

 Thermotoga naphthophila

No

No

[6]

 Thermotoga thermarum

No

Yes

[6]

 Thermotoga lettingae

No

Yes

[6]

 Fervidobacterium nodosum

No

Yes

[6]

 Thermosipho melanesiensis

Yes

Yes

[6]

 Thermosipho africanus

Yes

Yes

[6]

 Kosmotoga olearia

No

Yes

[6]

 Mesotoga prima

No

No

[6]

 Petrotoga mobilis

No

No

[6]

  1. Unidentified pathways are marked with “*”