Carbon source | Dry cell weight (g L−1) | Crude biosurfactant yield (g L−1) | Oil spreading (cm) | Emulsification index (%) | Surface tension (mN m−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown sugar | 0.56 ± 0.0071c | 0.95 ± 0.071b | 18.4 ± 0.10b | 61.81 ± 0.98a | 26.12 ± 0.085c |
Sucrose | 0.37 ± 0.028e | 0.74 ± 0.085c | 18.1 ± 0.16c | 56.76 ± 0.25c | 26.32 ± 0.035b |
Glucose | 0.33 ± 0.021e | 0.53 ± 0.071d | 17.2 ± 0.12e | 58.34 ± 0.33b | 26.38 ± 0.035b |
Maltose | 0.86 ± 0.035a | 0.82 ± 0.085bc | 18.2 ± 0.10bc | 54.80 ± 0.18d | 26.11 ± 0.028c |
Starch | 0.51 ± 0.014cd | 0.71 ± 0.071c | 17.7 ± 0.12d | 56.85 ± 0.13c | 26.39 ± 0.099b |
Mannitol | 0.48 ± 0.0071d | 1.11 ± 0.042a | 19.6 ± 0.071a | 54.11 ± 0.085d | 25.82 ± 0.028d |
Glycerol | 0.80 ± 0.014b | 0.72 ± 0.028c | 17.8 ± 0.12d | 57.43 ± 0.14bc | 26.32 ± 0.057b |
Paraffin | 0.14 ± 0.028f | 0.06 ± 0.028e | 8.2 ± 0.16f | 0.00 ± 0.00e | 40.49 ± 0.057a |