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Table 1 Anaerobic digestion of waste material in two-stage processes

From: A fast linear predictive adaptive model of packed bed coupled with UASB reactor treating onion waste to produce biofuel

Feedstock

System

Hydrolysis reactor

Methanogenic reactor

Two-stage

References

OLR kg VS (m3d)−1

% TS

% VS

SRT (d)

HRT (d)

Methane yield m3 (kg VSremoved)−1

VS removal  %

Vegetable waste

CSTR-AFBR

0.15

5.4 ± 0.6

4.9 ± 0.6

48

8

0.29 ± 0.01

91.0 ± 1.2

[49]

0.1

43

0.33 ± 0.02

91.1 ± 2.4

0.17

44

0.33 ± 0.03

90.9 ± 2.8

0.23

45

0.31 ± 0.05

77.2 ± 1.8

Fruit and vegetable waste

CSTR–CSTR

7.0

12.7 ± 0.9

11.0 ± 0.8

25

5

0.3

97.5

[50]

Tannery solid waste

CSTR–CSTR

1.05 ± 0.05

7.04

2.82

10

20

0.31

67

[51]

Activated sludge (84 %) + organic waste (16 %)

CSTR–CSTR

19.9

9.8

N.D.

28

8

0.24

71.3

[60]

Onion waste

SBR-AMBR

0.5

7.4

7.11

14

3

0.29

N.A.

[17]

1

3

0.32

N.A.

2

3

0.31

N.A.

Tomato

LBAR-UASB

6.7

10

7.6

31

N.A.

0.04

47

[61]

Cucumber

1.6

6.8

4.5

0.07

54

Common reed

15.2

44.3

41

0.011

7.7

Grass silage

14.5

41

39

0.011

31.6

Blue mussel

LBAR-UASB

0.5

41.2

7.7

44

N.A.

0.33

N.A.

[62]

Red mussel

0.5

81.9

76.3

107

0.22

N.A.

Vinegar residue + sludge pretreated with HCl

CSTR–CSTR

2.6

30.8

24.7

N.A

N.A.

0.192

N.A.

[52]

Sewage, pretreated with H2SO4

CSTR–CSTR

1.4

N.A.

N.A.

20

N.A.

0.45

59.6

[53]

Onion waste, pretreated with H2SO4

HPR2-UASB

2.7

8.65 ± 0.29

6.83 ± 0.23

30

12

0.43 ± 0.06

83.5 ± 9.8

This study

  1. OLR Organic load rate, SRT Solid retention time, HRT Hydraulic retention time, CSTR Continuous stirred tank reactor, AFBR Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor, SBR Solid bed reactor, AMBR Anaerobic membrane bed reactor, LBAR Leach bed anaerobic reactor, N.A. Not available