Fig. 3

The 95 % confidence interval for glutamate production during fermentation process. The 95 % confidence interval (shaded in green) and mean values (red curve) for glutamate production were estimated from 1000 generalized additive models (GAMs) built by bootstrap re-sampling with replacement from the training data on glutamate production and fermentation parameters. Black curves represent the estimated glutamate production for the five normal fermentation processes from the fitted GAM built by the training data using the online recorded data on fermentation parameters