Table 1 Comparison of key parameters of C. pasteurianum cultures grown on mono and dual substrates

Butanol concentration at the onset of stationary phase (g/L)

8.01 ± 2.10

4.61 ± 1.50

2.23 ± 0.20

3.2 ± 0.40

14.08 ± 0.90

Total acids at the onset of stationary phase (g/L)

2.20 ± 0.15

4.50 ± 0.50

4.41 ± 0.40

25.3 ± 2.90

0.5 ± 0.12

Maximum biomass concentrations at the onset of glucose limitation (g/L)

2.13 ± 0.12

4.49 ± 0.28

3.97 ± 0.21

–

–

Maximum biomass concentrations in batch phase (g/L). (maximum biomass values after re-addition of glucose)

4.79 ± 0.12 (5.01 ± 0.08)

4.49 ± 0.28 (6.5 ± 0.21)

3.97 ± 0.21 (6.29 ± 0.15)

11.53 ± 0.57

4.88 ± 0.25

Growth rate before glucose limitation (h⁻¹)

0.37 ± 0.15

0.29 ± 0.01

0.29 ± 0.03

0.25 ± 0.01^a

0.23 ± 0.03^a

Growth rate after glucose limitation (h⁻¹)

0.15 ± 0.08

0.03 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.03

–

–

Specific uptake rate of glucose before glucose limitation (g/g/h)

0.91 ± 0.05

0.76 ± 0.07

0.72 ± 0.31

1.7 ± 0.21^a

Specific uptake rate of glycerol before glucose limitation (g/g/h)

1.45 ± 0.28

1.47 ± 0.11

1.62 ± 0.25

–

3.4 ± 0.35^a