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Fig. 1 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 1

From: Engineering Escherichia coli to convert acetic acid to β-caryophyllene

Fig. 1

Production of β-caryophyllene via the MVA-mediated pathway used in this study. Gene symbols and the enzymes they encode (all genes marked with black arrows were from Enterococcus faecalis, all genes marked with white arrows were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the gene marked with gray arrows and black characters were derived from Abies grandis or Artemisia annua, and the gene marked with gray arrows and white characters were native genes in E. coli). Enzymes in MVA pathway: MvaE(acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase/HMG-CoA reductase) and MvaS(HMG-CoA synthase) from Enterococcus faecalis; ERG12(mevalonate kinase), ERG8(phosphomevalonate kinase), ERG19(mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase) and IDI1(IPP isomerase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; GPPS2(geranyl diphosphate synthase from Abies grandis); QHS1(β-caryophyllene synthase from Artemisia annua); IspA(GPP synthase/FPP synthase) from E. coli. ACS, nphT7. Intermediates in MVA pathway: A-CoA, acetyl-CoA; AA-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA; HMG-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; Mev-P, mevalonate 5-phosphate; Mev-PP, mevalonate pyrophosphate. IPP isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; GPP geranyl diphosphate; FPP farnesyl diphosphate

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