Strain | Carbon source | Nitrogen source | Dry weight (g L−1) | Lipid (%) | Lipid productivity (g L−1 h−1) | Cultivation mode | Glycerol (g L−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. toruloides Y4 | Crude glycerol | Hydrolysate from rapeseed meal | 31.1 | 41.7 | 0.11 | Fed-batch; 1-L bioreactor | – | [22] |
19.3 | 43.0 | 0.07 | Batch; 1-L bioreactor | 100 | ||||
Pure glycerol | 35.3 | 46.0 | 0.14 | Batch; 1-L bioreactor | 100 | |||
43.0 | 45.8 | 0.17 | Batch; 1-L bioreactor | 100 | ||||
R. toruloides Y4 | Crude glycerol | Peptone and yeast extract | 20.3 | 42.5 | 0.07 | Flask | 100 | [24] |
Pure glycerol | 21.1 | 40.3 | 0.07 | Flask | 100 | |||
R. toruloides AS2.1389 | Crude glycerol | (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract | 19.2 | 47.7 | 0.06 | Flask | 50 | [18] |
20.1 | 42.9 | 0.05 | Flask | 50 | ||||
26.7 | 69.5 | 0.09a | Batch; 5-L bioreactor | 60 | ||||
18.00 | 74.1 | 0.07a | Batch; 5-L bioreactor | 60 | ||||
R. toruloides NRRL Y-27012 | Crude glycerol | Peptone and yeast extract | 30.1 | 40.0 | 0.03 | Flask | 120 | [19] |
23.8 | 47.0 | 0.04 | Flask | 95 | ||||
R. toruloides DSM 4444 | Crude glycerol | SFM hydrolysate | 47.9 | 37.8 | 0.14 | Fed-batch; 3.6-L bioreactor | – | [23] |
PSFM hydrolysate | 37.4 | 51.3 | 0.17 | Fed-batch; 3.6-L bioreactor | – | |||
C. curvatus ATCC 20508 | Crude glycerol | Corn steep liquor, baker’s yeast autolysate and malt extract | 50.4 | 45.0 | 0.17 | Fed-batch; 30-L bioreactor | – | [5] |
58.9 | 43.0 | 0.19 | Fed-batch; 6-L bioreactor | – | ||||
52.3 | 43.0 | 0.16 | Fed-batch; 6-L bioreactor | – | ||||
69.2 | 40.0 | 0.24 | Fed-batch; 6-L bioreactor | – | ||||
C. curvatus ATCC 20509 | Crude glycerol | Yeast extract | 32.9 | 52.9 | 0.06 | Two-stage fed-batch; 2-L biorector | – | [21] |
C. curvatus ATCC 20509 | Crude glycerol | SFM hydrolysate | 38.0 | 47.1 | 0.09 | Fed-batch; 3.6-L bioreactor | – | [23] |
PSFM hydrolysate | 34.6 | 50.0 | 0.11 | Fed-batch; 3.6-L bioreactor | – | |||
L. starkeyi DSM 70296 | Crude glycerol | Peptone and yeast extract | 34.4 | 35.9 | 0.03 | Flask | 120 | [19] |
23.3 | 35.0 | 0.02 | Flask | 100 | ||||
R. toruloides DSM 4444 | Pure glycerol | (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract | 40.4 | 60.9 | 0.13 | Batch with feeding; 2-L biorector | 100 | This study |
Crude glycerol | 41.0 | 60.0 | 0.15 | Batch with feeding; 2-L biorector | 100 | |||
C. curvatus DSM 70022 | Pure glycerol | (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract | 43.7 | 46.9 | 0.10 | Batch with feeding; 2-L bioreactor | 100 | This study |
Crude glycerol | 45.1 | 50.9 | 0.09 | Batch with feeding; 2-L biorector | 100 | |||
L. starkeyi DSM 70295 | Pure glycerol | (NH4)2SO4 and yeast extract | 31.4 | 48.2 | 0.10 | Batch with feeding; 2-L biorector | 100 | This study |
Crude glycerol | 32.7 | 55.9 | 0.13 | Batch with feeding; 2-L biorector | 100 |