Fig. 3

Glucose consumption, metabolite formation, and cell density during conversion of acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol with cells over-expressing both SADH and VAMT. Reactions were catalysed using recombinant S. cerevisiae strains over-expressing SADH from R. erythropolis and VAMT from C. chinense, and having native (TMB4162) (filled symbols) or deleted (TMB4163) (open symbols) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activity. Symbols a: glucose (diamonds), ethanol (squares) and glycerol (circles); b cell concentration measured as optical density at 620 nm (OD₆₂₀) (triangles). Reaction conditions were as follows: 5 g (dw)/l recombinant S. cerevisiae, 5 mM racemic 1-phenylethylamine, 50 g/l glucose, in a defined mineral medium buffered to pH 7. S. cerevisiae was grown in aerobic batch mode in stirred tank reactors with defined media with glucose as carbon and energy source and harvested by centrifugation in early stationary phase. Mean values and standard deviations are calculated from two different whole-cell bioconversions