Fig. 4

Heat map of altered gene expressions of C. glutamicum strains with cellobiose or glucose. Evolved C. glutamicum strains [Cg-Cello01(evo) and Cg-Cello02(evo)] grown on 2 % (w/v) cellobiose were tested with either a control (Cg-pBbEB1c) or Cg-Cello01(evo) and Cg-Cello02(evo) grown 2 % (w/v) glucose. The mRNA expression changed with 2-fold up- and 0.5-fold down-regulated were selected in the evolved strains with cellobiose over glucose (the third columns) as well as a control (the second columns). The mRNA ratios are averages from at least duplicated experiments. Heat maps generated by MeV (MutiExperiment Viewer ver. 4.8) showed differential gene expression of significantly changed genes. Up-regulated signals relative to the mean were colored in red. Down-regulated were colored in green (scale bar, log 2 of mRNA ratio). The criterion used for selection of RNA ratios was a signal-to-noise ratio of >3 for either Cy5 fluorescence. For the significantly changed genes, P < 0.05 as determined by a one-way ANOVA. The ID numbers of C. glutamicum were given at the last column, of which data were described in the Additional file 1: Table S1