Fig. 4

Effects of [EMIM]Cl on respiration, mitochondrial structure, and membrane potential. Zones of inhibition caused by [EMIM]Cl on yeast grown on either glycerol or glucose (a). Dose dependent disappearance of yeast mitochondrial structure (tubular structures stained with SYTO18) in the presence of [EMIM]Cl (b). [EMIM]Cl treatment at sub lethal doses (0.25 %) causes increases DiOC₆(3) fluorescence, as does the ionophore valinomycin (c, d). The uncoupling agent antimycin is included as a positive control, and the tubulin poison benomyl is included as an inhibitor with a mode of action unrelated to the mitochondrion. DiOC₆(3) fluorescence of the PTK2 mutant when treated with [EMIM]Cl, [BMIM]Cl, valinomycin or control (d)