Fig. 3From: Exacerbation of substrate toxicity by IPTG in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) carrying a synthetic metabolic pathwayTransmission electron microscopy of Escherichia coli deg31 cells and corresponding histograms showing the physiological state of populations stained with selected fluorescent dyes. a Non-induced cells incubated in phosphate buffer. b Non-induced cells incubated in phosphate buffer with 2 mM TCP. c Cells pre-induced with 0.2 mM IPTG incubated in phosphate buffer. d Cells pre-induced with 0.2 mM IPTG and incubated in phosphate buffer with 2 mM TCP. Black arrows indicate bodies that presumably consist of overexpressed heterologous proteins, grey arrows indicate separations of the inner and outer cell membranes, and white arrows indicate dead or dying cellsBack to article page