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Fig. 3 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 3

From: Exacerbation of substrate toxicity by IPTG in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) carrying a synthetic metabolic pathway

Fig. 3

Transmission electron microscopy of Escherichia coli deg31 cells and corresponding histograms showing the physiological state of populations stained with selected fluorescent dyes. a Non-induced cells incubated in phosphate buffer. b Non-induced cells incubated in phosphate buffer with 2 mM TCP. c Cells pre-induced with 0.2 mM IPTG incubated in phosphate buffer. d Cells pre-induced with 0.2 mM IPTG and incubated in phosphate buffer with 2 mM TCP. Black arrows indicate bodies that presumably consist of overexpressed heterologous proteins, grey arrows indicate separations of the inner and outer cell membranes, and white arrows indicate dead or dying cells

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