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Fig. 2 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 2

From: ATP regulation in bioproduction

Fig. 2

Cell factories utilize carbon source to generate ATP by glycolysis and respiratory chain. Cell factories engineered in the pathways toward target product consume much more ATP for (i) sugar uptake, (ii) cell growth, (iii) biosynthesis and (iv) export of target products, and (v) tolerance to toxic compounds. Cell factories improve intracellular ATP supply to drive various cellular thermodynamically unfavorable reactions with keeping high ATP supply for better bioproductions. ATP supply of the cell factories is enhanced by (1) addition of energy substrates, (2) control of pH condition, (3) metabolic engineering of pathways involved in ATP generation or ATP consumption and (4) enhancement of respiratory chain reaction

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