Fig. 1

Respiration activity of 12 E. coli BL21(DE3) clones grown under non-inducing conditions. Oxygen transfer rates (determined using a RAMOS device) of six clones varying in Arg107 codons and six clones varying in Leu143 codons as a function of time for: a first preculture performed in complex TB medium, and b second preculture performed in modified Wilms-MOPS mineral medium containing 0.5 g/L glucose and 5 g/L glycerol. The arrows indicate the time points the cultures were harvested and used for inoculating the next cultivation step. The dotted line in b highlights the depletion of glucose. For the second preculture, a computational analysis of the raw data of the RAMOS device according to Hansen et al. [63] was performed providing an increased density of data points over time. Cultivation conditions: 37 °C, 250 mL flasks, filling volume 10 mL, shaking frequency 350 rpm, and shaking diameter 50 mm