Integrated isotope-assisted metabolomics and 13C metabolic flux analysis reveals metabolic flux redistribution for high glucoamylase production by Aspergillus niger

Table 4 Estimated production and consumption of NADPH, NADH, ATP ( mmol/gDCW h)

Pathways	NADPH		NADH		ATP
Pathways	A. niger DS03043	A. niger CBS513.88	A. niger DS03043	A. niger CBS513.88	A. niger DS03043	A. niger CBS513.88
Glycolysis	0	0	2.3	2.03	0.8	0.55
PP pathway	2.06	1.22	0	0	0	0
TCA cycle	0	0.22	3.28	4.06	0.49	0.79
Amino acid synthesis	–	–	0.42	0.24	–	–
Oxidative phosphorylation^a	0	0	−5.88	−5.33	12.38	11.22
AcCoA formation by Ac	–	–	–	–	−0.1	−0.3
GA formation	−0.37	−0.06	0.09	0.02	−1.3	−0.17
Biomass formation	−1.69	−1.16	−0.54	−0.38	−8.54	−6.4

^aThe P/O ratios were set to 2.64 for mitochondrial NADH, and 1.64 for succinate and cytosolic NADH

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