Figure 2

Scale-up bioprocess development for valinomycin production in E. coli from 1 mL to 10 L. a A representative well from the 24-well plates, which are incorporated with sensors allowing online measurement of oxygen and pH. Cultivations were performed in 24-well plates with 1 mL working volume per well (total volume 3.3 mL); b cultivations were performed in 500 mL shake flasks with 100 mL working volume; c cultivation was performed in a 3.7 L bioreactor with 2 L working volume; d cultivations were performed in a 15 L scale-down TCR with 10 L working volume. STR stirred tank reactor, PFR plug flow reactor.