Figure 1

Pathways involved in ethanol, 2, 3-butanediol, lactate, acetate, formate (thin arrows), and succinate synthesis (thick arrows) in E. aerogenes. Broken arrows indicate exogenous pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase from C. glutamicum and A. succinogenes, respectively. The gene names or locus symbols are shown in parentheses. PCK PEP carboxykinase, PYC pyruvate carboxylase, PPC PEP carboxylase, MDH malate dehydrogenase, FUM fumarase, FRD fumarate reductase, LDH d-lactate dehydrogenase, α-ALS α-acetolactate synthase, α-ALDC α-acetolactate decarboxylase, AR acetoin reductase, ACDH acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, ADH alcohol dehydrogenase, PTA phosphate acetyltransferase, ACK acetate kinase, POX pyruvate oxidase, PFL pyruvate formate lyase, FHL formate hydrogen lyase, EI enzyme I, HPr histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein, IIA ^Glc glucose-specific IIA component, IIBC ^Glc glucose-PTS permease, GalP galactose/proton symporter, GLK glucokinase.