Figure 4

Co-fermentation of xylose and cellulose (PASC). S. pastorianus (CMBS-51) expressing the gene cassettes (A) PGKxyl1-TEFbgl1-PGKxdh1, PGKxyl1-TEFcbh2-PGKxdh1 and PGKxyl1-PGKegl2-PGKxdh1 or (B) additionally PGKXKS in trans were individually cultured in YEPD. Cells were harvested, combined in a 1:1:1 ratio and used to inoculate fermentations containing PASC (), xylose (), or PASC and xylose (). The concentrations of PASC and xylose were 412 g L⁻¹ and 40 g L⁻¹ for (A) and 412 g L⁻¹ and 50 g L⁻¹ for (B) respectively. Fermentations were conducted at 30°C for 14 days and samples were taken at the intervals shown and alcohol content (g L⁻¹) assayed. The values represent the mean of triplicate (A) or quadruplicate (B) independent experiments and the error bars represent the standard error from the mean.