Figure 3

Liquid-culture morphology of the S. lividans mat mutants. A-E represent wide field images of strains grown in shake flasks in TSBS media. (A) wild type S. lividans 66; (B) GAD02 (S. lividans ∆matA); (C) GAD03 (S. coelicolor ∆matB); (D) GAD05 (S. lividans ∆matAB); (E) S. lividans PM02 complemented with plasmid pMAT03 expressing wild-type matA. Pictures were taken at 24 h of growth representing late exponential growth. Bar, 200 μm. (F) growth profile of GAD05, indicated by the CO₂ production (grey line) and the biomass concentration (black dots). The strain was grown in a 1.3 L benchtop bioreactor in TSBS medium. Inoculation density was 10⁶ spores/mL. The strain had a growth rate of 0.39 ± 0.02 h⁻¹, which was calculated from the measured biomass from three separate fermentation experiments.