Figure 1

Bio-based fine chemical production through synthetic bioengineering. Enzymes convert substrates to the fine chemical of interest with or without a coenzyme. The enzymatic synthesis system is introduced into a microbial host strain to develop a microbial cell factory (blue arrow). The microbial system converts a common source into various fine chemicals, and they are accumulated in cells or in the medium. The productivity of a microbial cell factory is improved by genetic engineering of metabolic pathways (e.g. heterologous expression, overexpression, down-regulation, deletion, or mutation) according to an artificial metabolic map designed by computer simulation. Further, synthetic bioengineering (gray arrows) improves productivity by additional metabolic engineering according to the artificial map redesigned by the metabolic data of the microbial cell factory.