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Table 1 ARG, ORN, putrescine and cyanophycin producing strains

From: Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of L-arginine and its derivatives

Product

Year

Strain (vector if any)

Remark

Titer (g/liter)

Reference

ARG

1971

AHr-5

AHX resistant B. subtilis; test tube culture

4.5

[18]

1973

AJ 3351

B. ketoglutamicum ATCC 15587 mutant; SGR,

2.1

[75]

AJ 3352

A. paraffineus ATCC 19065 mutant; TAR,

1.2

AJ 3353

M. ammoniaphilum ATCC 15354 mutant; TAR,

2.9

No. 348

C. lilium NRRL B-2243 mutant; TAR

1.8

No. 352

B. flavum ATCC 14067 mutant; guanine auxotroph; TAR

34.8

1977

AAr-9

B. subtilis OUT 8103 mutant; 6AUR

28.0

[74]

1981

KY7690

B. subtilis ATCC 15244 mutant; AHXR, 5HURR, TRAR, 6FTPR, 6AUR, 2TUR; 5 liter bioreactor

14.0

[73]

S. marcescens

IFO 3046 mutant; AHXR, NIMR; test tube culture

0.6

M. ammoniaphilum

ATCC 15354 mutant; AHXR; test tube culture

0.5

M. sodonensis

ATCC 11880 mutant; AHXR; test tube culture

4.0

N. corynebacteroides

ATCC 14898 mutant; CVNR; test tube culture

2.5

N. rubra

NRRL 11094 mutant; AHXR; test tube culture

8.0

2009

RBid

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, ΔargR, A26V/M31V in ArgB; 5 liter bioreactor

52.0

[47]

2009

SYPA 5-5

C. crenatum mutant; optimization of two-stage oxygen supply strategy; 5 liter bioreactor

36.6

[76]

2011

SYPA 5–5 (pJC-tac-vgb)

C. crenatum mutant, vector-based overexpression of vgb from Vitreoscilla

35.9

[77]

2011

SYPA 5–5 (pJCtac-argJ)

C. crenatum mutant, vector-based overexpression of argJ; 5 liter bioreactor

42.4

[34]

2012

SYPA-9039 (pJC-9039)

C. crenatum SYPA5-5 harboring with vector-based overexpression of argCJBDFRGH; 5 liter bioreactor

45.3

[78]

2014

AR6

C. glutamicum ATCC 21831; AHXR, CVNR, ΔargR, ΔfarR, pgi (A1G), Psod::tkt, tal, zwf, opcA, pgl, ΔNCgl1221, Psod::carAB, Petfu::argGH; 5 liter bioreactor

92.5

[9]

Same as above except 1,500 liter bioreactor

81.2

ORN

1996

BK533

B. ketoglutamicum ATCC 21092 derived mutant; UV and NTG treatment; 2 liter bioreactor

5.7

[79]

2008

SJ8074 (pEK-CJBD)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, ΔproB, vector-based overexpression of argCJBD

0.179

[80]

2010

SJ8074 (pEK-Ptrc::1469)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, ΔproB, vector-based overexpression of NCgl1469

0.320

[54]

2010

C. glutamicum

ATCC 13032; proline supplement

3.295

[62]

2011

ORN1 (pVWEx1-araBAD)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, vector-based overexpression of araBAD; optimal ARG supplement, arabinose supplement

25.77

[81]

2012

C. glutamicum

ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔproB, Δkgd

4.78

[82]

2012

SJC8399

C. glutamicum ATCC ΔargF, ΔargR, ΔNcgl2399, ΔNcgl2905

13.16

[83]

2013

ΔAPRE::rocG

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔproB, ΔargR, ΔspeE::P tac-M -rocG

14.84

[84]

2013

ΔAPE6937R42

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔproB, ΔspeE, ΔargR; 70 passages of adaptive evolution

24.1

[85]

2014

YW6 (pSY233)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔproB, ΔargF, ΔargR, pgiGTG, zwfATG, Ptkt::Psod, vector-based overexpression of argCJBD from C. glutamicum ATCC 21831; 5 liter bioreactor

51.5

[86]

Putrescine

2009

XQ52 (p15SpeC)

E. coli W3110 ΔlacI, ΔspeE, ΔspeG, ΔargI, ΔpuuPA, PargECBH::Ptrc, PspeF-potE::Ptrc, PargD::Ptrc, PspeC::Ptrc, ΔrpoS, vector-based overexpression of speC; 5 liter bioreactor

24.2

[28]

2010

ORN1 (pVWEx1-speC)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, vector-based overexpression of speC from E. coli MG1655; ARG supplement,

6.0

[50]

2012

ORN1 (pVWEx1-speC-5’ 21 -argF)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, vector-based overexpression of speC from E. coli MG1655; ARG auxotrophy rescue by fine-tuned argF expression via plasmid-addiction system

19.0

[51]

2013

ORN1 (pVWEx1-speC-5’ 21 -argF)

C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ΔargF, ΔargR, vector-based overexpression of speC from E. coli MG1655; glycerol and glucose as carbon source; ARG supplement

0.855

[87]

Cyanophycin

2001

C. glutamicum (pEK0::cphA)

ATCC 13032, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308

3.6

[88]

H16-PHB−4 (pBBR1::cphA)

R. eutropha DSM 541 (DSM 428 derivative), PHA synthesis defect, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308

8.7

E. coli (pSK::cphA)

TOP 10, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308

26.0

P. putida (pBBR1::cphA)

KT2440, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308

11.0

2002

E. coli (pMa/c5-914::cphA)

DH1 strain, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803; 30 liter bioreactor

24.0

[89]

Same as above except 500 liter bioreactor

21.0

2004

E. coli (pSK::cphA1 7120)

TOP 10, vector-based overexpression of cphA1 from Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120

21.0

[90]

GPp104 (pBBR1MCS-2::cphA1 7120)

P. putida KT2440 mutant, vector-based overexpression of cphA1 from Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120

24.0

H16-PHB−4 (pBBR1MCS-2::cphA1 7120)

R. eutropha DSM 541 (DSM 428 derivative), PHA synthesis defect, vector-based overexpression of cphA1 from Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120

22.0

2005

A. calcoaceticus

ATCC 33305, flask cultivation; ARG supplement

46.0

[91]

2006

R. eutropha (pBBR1MCS-2::cphA/eda)

DSM 541 derivative, H16-PHB−4 Δeda, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308; eda-dependent plasmid-addiction system; flask cultivation

40.0

[92]

Same as above except 30 liter bioreactor

35.8

Same as above except 500 liter bioreactor

32.0

2011

E. coli (pCOLADuet-1::cphAC595S::dapL Ss)

HMS174(DE3) ΔdapE, plasmid-addiction system using dapL from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308, C595S mutant cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308; flask cultivation

42.0

[93]

Same as above except 25 liter bioreactor

14.1

Same as above except 400 liter bioreactor

18.0

2012

R. eutropha (pBBR1MCS-2::cphA 6308 /eda H16)

DSM 428 mutant, H16-PHB−4 Δeda, vector-based overexpression of cphA from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC6308, eda-dependent plasmid-addiction system; 30 liter bioreactor

47.5

[94]

  1. Strains that have been reported to produce ARG, ORN, putrescine and cyanophycin are listed in the order of year for each compound. The relevant genetic information and production titers are shown. All cyanophycin production titers are given in a different unit scale (w/w %) than the rest which are given in g/liter. 5HUR, 5-hydroxyuridine; TRA, triazolealanine; 6FTP, 6-fluorotryptophan; 2TU, 2-thiouracil; 5FU, 5-fluorouracil; NIM, polyoxyethylene stearylamine.