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Figure 1 | Microbial Cell Factories

Figure 1

From: Tuning microbial hosts for membrane protein production

Figure 1

Membrane protein biogenesis in prokaryotes. In prokaryotes, most membrane proteins are targeted to and inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane by the SRP pathway, which involves interaction of the growing polypeptide chain with the signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor FtsY, binding of the nascent polypeptide chain-ribosome-complex to the SecYEG/YidC pore, translocation of cytoplasmic and periplasmic loops across the cytoplasmic membrane and their folding by SecA and various chaperones and insertion of hydrophobic segments into the membrane. The autonomous, YidC and Tat pathways, that are used by small proteins and membrane-associated periplasmic proteins, respectively, are mentioned here for sake of completeness.

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