Fungal species | Pigment composition (colour). Toxic colored compounds in bold | Major known mycotoxic uncolored metabolites | BioSafety Level (BSL) classification1[32] | Comment2 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fusarium acuminatum | Antibiotic Y (yellow) Aurofusarin (red) | Enniatins Moniliformin | unknown | No | [24] |
F. avenaceum | Antibiotic Y (yellow) Aurofusarin (red) | Enniatins Moniliformin 2-amino-14,16-di-methyloctadecan-3-ol | unknown | No | [24] |
F. culmorum | Aurofusarin (red) Fuscofusarin (yellow) Rubrofusarin (red) | Butenolide Fusarin C Trichothecenes Zearalenone | unknown | No | [24] |
F. fujikuroi | Bikaverin (red) Norbikaverin (red) O-demethylanhydrofusarubin (red) | Fumonisins Fusaric acid Gibberellins Moniliformin | 1 | No | [25] |
F. graminearum | Aurofusarin (red) Rubrofusarin (red) | Butenolide Fusarin C Trichothecenes Zearalenone | unknown | No | [24] |
F. oxysporum | 2,7-dimehoxy-6-(acetoxyethyl)juglone (yellow) Bikaverin (red) Bostrycoidin (red) Nectriafurone (yellow) Norjavanicin (red) O-methyl-6-hydroxynorjavanicin (yellow) O-methylanhydrofusarubin (orange-red) O-methylfusarubin (red) O-methyljavanicin | Fumonisins Fusaric acid Moniliformin | 2 | No | [25] |
F. poae | Aurofusarin (red) | Enniatins Fusarin C Trichothecenes | unknown | No | [24] |
F. sambucinum | Aurofusarin (red) | Trichothecenes | unknown | No | [24] |
F. solani | Fusarubin (red) Isomarticins (red) O-ethylfusarubin (red) O-methyldihydrofusarubin (red) | Â | 2 | No | [25] |
F. sporotrichioides | Aurofusarin (red) Lycopene | Enniatins Trichothecenes | unknown | No | [24] |
F. stilboides | Antibiotic Y (yellow) Aurofusarin (red) Nectriafurone (yellow) | Enniatins | unknown | No | [un-published] |
F. tricinctum | Antibiotic Y (yellow) Aurofusarin (red) | Fusarin C Moniliformin | unknown | No | [24] |
F. venenatum | Aurofusarin (red) Rubrofusarin (red) | Trichothecenes | unknown | No | [24] |
F. verticillioides | Fusarubin O-demethylfusarubin O-methyljavanicin O-methylsolaniol (orange-red) | Fumonisins Fusaric acid Moniliformin | unknown | No | [25] |
Alternaria dauci | Uncharacterized (red) | unknown | 1 | TBI | [26] |
Alt. porri | Altersolanol A (yellow-orange) | unknown | 1 | TBI | [26] |
Alt. solani | Altersolanol A (yellow-orange) | unknown | 1 | TBI | [26] |
Alt. tomatophila | Altersolanol A (yellow-orange) | unknown | unknown | TBI | [26] |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | Calphostins A, B, C, D, I (red) | unknown | 1 | TBI | [29] |
Cordyceps unilateralis | 3,5 8-TMON* (red) 4-O-methyl erythrostominone (red) Deoxyerythrostominol (red) Deoxyerythrostominone (red) Epierythrostominol (red) Erythrostominone (red) | unknown | unknown | TBI | [30] |
Curvularia lunata | Chrysophanol (red) Cynodontin (bronze) Helminthosporin (maroon) | unknown | 1 | TBI | [4] |
Drechslera spp. | Catenarin (red) Cynodontin (bronze) Helminthosporin (maroon) Tritisporin (redish-brown) | unknown | unknown | TBI | [4] |
Epicoccum nigrum | Carotenoids Chromanone (yellow) Epicoccarines A & B Epicocconone (fluorescent yellow) Epipyridone (red) Flavipin (brown) Isobenzofuran derivatives (yellow to brown) Orevactaene (yellow) | unknown | unknown | Yes | |
Paecilomyces sinclairii | Uncharacterized (red) | unknown | unknown | TBI | [31] |
Polyketide pigment producer of Asia | |||||
Monascus pilosus | Citrinin (yellow) | Â | 1 | Banned in the EU & the US | [6] |
M. purpureus | Ankaflavin (yellow) Citrinin (yellow) Monascin Monascorubramine Monascorubrin Rubropunctamine (purple-red) Rubropunctatin (orange) | Monascopyridine A & B | 1 | Banned in the EU & the US | [6] |
M. ruber | Ankaflavin (yellow) Citrinin (yellow) Monascin Monascorubramine Monascorubrin Rubropunctamine (purple-red) Rubropunctatin (orange) | Â | 1 | Banned in the EU & the US | [6] |