Figure 3From: Whole-cell bioreduction of aromatic α-keto esters using Candida tenuis xylose reductase and Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase co-expressed in Escherichia coliInactivation of enzymes and spontaneous decomposition of substrate are limiting factors during whole cell-catalyzed reduction of ethyl 4-cyanobenzoylformate by E. coli XR_FDH. Inactivation: E. coli XR_FDH (40 gCDW/L) was incubated in the presence of 100 mM ethyl 4-cyanobenzoylformate and at the indicated times, enzyme activities were measured after cell disruption using B-Per (○ Ct XR activity, ▲ Cb FDH activity). Substrate decomposition: 100 mM ethyl 4-cyanobenzoylformate was incubated in potassium phosphate buffer 50 mM, pH 7.5, lacking cells, and the concentration of the compound was measured by HPLC in samples taken at the indicated times (●).Back to article page