From: Yeast cell factories for fine chemical and API production
Host organism | Engineering steps | Substrate | Product/Outcome | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1) Introduction of the Penicillium patulum PKS 6-MSASI gene | YPD (+ glucose) |
| 1.7 g/L (2-fold more than by natural host Penicillium patulum) | [232] |
 | 2) Overexpression of the Bacillus subtilis surfactin P-pantII transferase (Sfp) gene |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1) Introduction of the Penicillium patulum PKS 6-MSASI gene | galactose minimal medium |
| > 200 mg/L for strain expressing the PPTaseII from A. nidulans | [231] |
 | 2) Introduction of the surfactin P-pantII transferase gene from Bacillus subtilis (sfp) or from Aspergillus nidulans (npgA) |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ5464 (protease deficient) | 1) Introduction of pathways for methylmalonyl-coenzyme A production: | YPD (+ glucose) + propionate and propyl-diketide thioester feed
|
| 0.5–1 mg/L with propionyl-CoA-dependent route (PCC-pathway) | [215] |
 | Propionyl-CoA-dependent route: |  |  |  |  |
 | + Salmonella typhimurium propionyl-CoA synthetase |  |  |  |  |
 | + Streptomyces coelicolor propionyl-CoA carboxylase pathway (PCC) |  |  |  |  |
 | Propionyl-CoA-independent route |  |  |  |  |
 | + Streptomyces coelicolor malonyl/methylmalonyl-CoA ligase pathway (MatB) |  |  |  |  |
 | 2) Expression of module 2 from DEBS1III linked to the thioesterase domain (TE) of DEBS3 [243, 244] |  |  |  |  |
 | 3) Co-expression of five tRNA genes E4, R2, L5, Q2 and P2 [245] |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1) Introduction of the Populus trichocarpa X Populus deltoides (= poplar) cDNAs encoding: | selective, synthetic medium supplemented with glucose and galactose, respectively |
| ~3–10 mg/L triple-expressing strains (PAL2/C4H/CPR2 and PAL4/C4H/CPR2, respectively; with slight advantages for the PAL2 expressing strain) | [233] |
 | + Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (isoform PAL2 and PAL4, respectively) | feed with [3H]phenylalanine [14C]cinnamate |  |  |  |
 | + Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) |  |  |  |  |
 | + Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR2) |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1) Introduction of the Helianthus tuberosus C4H Cytochrome P-450 and H. tuberosus NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 reductase | glucose or raffinose addition of L-phenylalanine (1.0 mM) |
| after 24 h: | [234] |
 | 2) Introduction of the Rhodotorula glutinis ATCC 10788 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) | induction with galactose |  | on glucose: 354 μM (→ 58 mg/L) |  |
 |  |  |  | on raffinose: 498 μM (→ 82 mg/L) |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 | 1) Introduction of the phenylpropanoid pathway: | YPD (+ glucose) and YPL (+ galactose) |
S. cerevisiae AH22 with PAL, 4CL and CHS produced ~7 mg/L of naringenin and 0.8 mg/L of pinocembrin | Â | [235] |
 | - Rhodosporidium toruloides phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) |  |  |  |  |
 | - Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumarate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL) |  |  |  |  |
 | - Hypericum androsaemum chalcone synthase (CHS) |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499 | 1) Introduction of the chalcone synthase (CHS) from ripe raspberry (Rubus idaeus) or a variant thereof (CHS L214I-F215L) | YPGal-medium (induction with galactose) |
| raspberry fruit: 1–4 mg/kg | [237] |
 | 2) Introduction of the tobacco 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase (4CL) | addition of p-coumaric acid (3 mM) |  | recombinant E. coli: 5 mg/L | [236] |
 |  |  |  | recombinant S. cerevisiae: no proper detection of raspberry ketone | [236] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae FY23 | 1) Introduction of the coenzyme-A ligase 4CL216 gene from hybrid poplar under the control of the yeast ADH2 gene promoter and terminator (→ CAL1) and | SCDL-medium (0.67% yeast nitrogen base, 0.8% glucose and required growth factors) with 10 mg/L p-coumaric acid |
recombinant S. cerevisiae: ~1.5 μg/L |  | [238] |
 | 2) the resveratrol synthase (VST1) from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) |  |  |  |  |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-3b (ura3 his3) | 1) Introduction of the 4-coumarate: coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL2 gene – GenBank accession no. U50846) from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun | 50 mL yeast nitrogen base medium supplemented with 5 mM p-coumaric acid and 2% galactose to induce gene expression |
| S. cerevisiae: ~6 mg/L | [239] |
 | 2) Introduction of the STS gene from Vitis vinifera encoding for the stilbene synthase (STS) |  |  | recomb. E. coli expressing the same enzymes: ~16 mg/L |  |