Table 3 Examples for one- to two step enzymatic reactions employing engineered yeast whole-cell biocatalysts (+ overexpression; - knockout/deletion).

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

- β-keto reductase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A: +Fasp, -Gre2p, -Ypr1p^IV

A:

d: 78% (91% R)^II

B: -Fasp, +Gre2p^IV

e: 26% (> 98% RI)^I

a: R₁ = Me; R₃ = Me

B:

a: 76% (> 98% S)^I

b: R₁ = Et; R₃ = Me

b: 85% (> 98% S)^I

c: R₁ = Me; R₃ = Et

c: 83% (> 98% S)^I

d: R₁ = Et; R₃ = Et

d: 87% (> 98% S)^I

e: R₁ = n-Pr; R₃ = Et

e: 90% (> 98% S)^I

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A: - Gre2p, + Ypr1p^IV

a: R₂ = Me

A:

a: 90% (98% syn)^II

B: + Gre2P, - Ypr1p^IV

b: R₂ = Et

b: 89% (83% syn)^II

c: R₂ = allyl

c: 92% (65% syn)^II

d: R₂ = propargyl

d: 75% (> 98% syn)^II

B:

a: 86% (70% syn)^I

b: 73% (67% anti)^I

c: 67% (> 98% anti)^I

d: 70% (> 98% anti)^I

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A: +Ymr226c^III

A: 72% (87%, S)^I

B: +Ara1p^III

R₁ = Me; R₂ = Me

B: 48% (91%, S)^I

C: +Ypr1p^III

C: 62% (87%, S)^I

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

+ reductase gene YDR368w^V

97% de

> 99% ee

84% yield

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

+ multiple copies of Candida tenuis xylose reductase variant W23F

a: R = H

a: 35% (> 99.9%, S)^VI

b: R = Ph

b: 80% (> 99.9%, R)^VI

c: R = o-Cl-Ph

c: 76% (99.6%, R)^VI

d: R = m-Cl-Ph

d: 14% (> 99.9%, R)^VI

e: R = p-Cl-Ph

e: 74% (99.9%, R)^VI

f: R = p-CN-Ph

f: 100% (99.4%, n.d.)^VI

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

+ Antirrhinum majus benzoic acid methyltransferase (BAMT)

~1 mg methyl benzoate per L of culture (with OD₆₀₀ = 1), after 24 h

Pichia pastoris

+ Rhodotorula glutinis epoxide hydrolase

~36% (> 98%) (theoretical yield: 50%)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

+ human CYP11B1-V78I

+ electron transfer proteins adrenodoxin (Adx) & adrenodoxin reductase (AdR)

2.5-fold higher activity compared with parental strain

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

+ human CYP2D6

56% yield

98.5% purity

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

+ Trigonopsis variabilis D-Amino Acid Oxidase (multi copies)

- catalase

550 U/g CDW increased mechanical resistance