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Table 2 Industrial biotransformations [74] employing wild type yeast whole-cell biocatalysts ordered by E.C. numbers

From: Yeast cell factories for fine chemical and API production

Yeast strain

Enzyme name (E.C. No.)

Reaction

Product/Application

Company

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Alcohol NAD+ oxidoreductase (1.1.1.1)

LY 300164 = Benzodiazepine/tested for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Eli Lilly and Company, USA

Geotrichum candidum

Dehydrogenase, NADPH-dependent (1.1.X.X)

chiral β-hydroxy ester/precursor for cholesterol antagonist inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA

Candida sorbophila

Dehydrogenase (1.1.X.X)

(R)-amino alcohol/intermediate for a β-3-agonist used for obesity therapy, and to decrease hypertension, coronary artery disease and the level of associated type II diabetes

Merck & Co, Inc., USA

Pichia methanolica

Reductase (1.1.X.X)

Ethyl-5-(S)-hydroxyhexanoate and 5-(S)-hydroxyhexanenitrile/chiral building blocks

Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA

Candida boidinii (E2) [and E. coli with cloned E1]a or Pichia pastoris (E2 + cloned E1)b

E2: FDH (1.2.1.2) [E1: PheDH (1.4.1.20) from Thermoactinomyces intermedius]

(S)-2-Amino-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-pentanoic acid/one building block for Omapatrilat synthesis (ACE and NEP inhibitor)c

Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA

Trigonopsis variabilis ATCC 10679

D-Amino acid oxidase (1.4.3.3)

L-6-Hydroxynorleucine/chiral intermediate for synthesis of vasopeptidase inhibitor and other antihypertensive metalloproteinase inhibitors

Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA

Baker's yeast (= Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Reductase (1.X.X.X)

The corresponding dione is an intermediate for the synthesis of natural 3-hydroxycarotenoids (e.g. cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin) and other terpenoid compounds .

Hoffmann La-Roche, CH

Cryptococcus laurentii (E1) [and Achromobacter obae (E2)]a

E1: Lactamase (3.5.2.11) and [E2: Racemase (5.1.1.15)]a

L-Lysine/nutrient and food supplement

Toray Industries Inc., Japan

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Pyruvate decarboxylase (4.1.1.1)

PAC → ephedrine and pseudoephedrine/treatment of asthma, hay fever, and used for bronchodilating agent and decongestant

Krebs Biochemicals & Industries Ltd., India

Candida rugosa

Enoyl-CoA hydratase (4.2.1.17)

(R)-β-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid and (R)-β-Hydroxy-isobutyric acid/chiral synthons for carbapenem intermediate and captopril (ACE-inhibitor)c, respectively

Kanegafuchi Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Japan

Rhodotorula rubra

L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (4.3.1.5)

L-phenylalanine/artificial sweetener aspartame, parenteral nutrition, chiral building block for Rutamycin B synthesis

Genex Corporation, USA

  1. aBacterial whole-cell biocatalyst. bIn this case, also engineered P. pastoris cells were employed. cACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; NEP = neutral endopeptidase.