Table 2 Studies on PNAs in bacteria.

Triplex-forming bis-PNA

α-sarcin loop + peptidyl transferase center of 23S rRNA

E. coli in vitro system + solid and liquid culture

[189]

15-mer PNA

lacZ + bla

E. coli K-12 and AS19 in vitro + in vivo

[188]

9–12-mer PNAs and (KFF)₃K-PNAs

α-sarcin loop + peptidyl transferase center of 23S rRNA + acpP + lacZ

HeLa cells infected with noninvasive E. coli

[192]

10–12-mer PNAs and peptide-PNAs

phoB + fmhB + gyrA + hmrB + gfp

S. aureus liquid culture

[205]

10-mer (KFF)₃K-PNA

acpP

Mouse infected with E. coli K-12 and SM101

[201]

12-mer peptide-PNA

gfp + inhA

M. smegmatis liquid cultures

[206]

14-mer (KFF)₃K-PNA

P15 loop of RNase P RNA

E. coli in vitro + in vivo

[153]

Triplex-forming (KFF)₃K-bis-PNA

Domain II of 23S rRNA

E. coli in vitro system + solid and liquid culture

[200]

15–16-mer (KFF)₃K-PNAs

gyrA + ompA + lacZ

K. pneumoniae liquid culture + IMR90 cells infected with K. pneumoniae

[204]

10–12-mer (KFF)₃K-PNAs

acpP + lacZ

E. coli K-12 liquid culture

[202]