From: Cell wall structure and function in lactic acid bacteria
Role | Organism* | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|
PG variations | |||
O-acetylation of MurNAc |
Resistance to lysozyme Activation of autolysis by amidase LytH |
Ll, Lc, Lp
Lp | [23, 45] |
O-acetylation of GlcNAc |
Inhibition of major autolysin Acm2 (glucosaminidase) | Lp | [23] |
N- deacetylation of GlcNAc |
Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Inhibition of AcmA major autolysin (glucosaminidase) |
Ll
Ll Ll | [54] |
Amidation of D-Asp |
Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Resistance to nisin. |
Ll
Ll Ll | [56] |
Amidation of mDAP |
Essential for growth Control of septation Increase DacB L,D-carboxypeptidase activity |
Lp
Lp Lp | [57] |
Teichoic acids | |||
WTA | Bacterial morphogenesis and division | Lp | [120] |
LTA | Immunomodulatory properties | La | [127] |
TA alanylation |
Cell morphology UV stress response Protein secretion Resistance to nisin Bacteriophage receptor Adhesion to epithelial cells Decrease of anti-inflammatory properties Colonization of mouse gastrointestinal tract |
Lp, Lrh
Ll Ll Ll, Lp Ld Lj Lp, Lrh Lr |
[85, 112] [114] [113] [52, 85, 111] [122] [123] [100, 126] [124] |
Polysaccharides | |||
Cell division and morphology Bacteriophage receptor Protection against phagocytosis |
Ll
Ll Ll |
[131] [131, 133, 144] [131] | |
Immunosuppressive function | Lc, Lp | [136, 142] | |
Decrease adhesion and biofilm formation Protection against antimicrobial peptides (LL-37) |
Lrh
Lrh |
[137] [147] |