Cell wall structure and function in lactic acid bacteria

Table 2 Role of cell wall glycopolymers and their structural variations in LAB.

	Role	Organism*	Ref.
PG variations
O-acetylation of MurNAc	Resistance to lysozyme Activation of autolysis by amidase LytH	Ll, Lc, Lp Lp	[23, 45]
O-acetylation of GlcNAc	Inhibition of major autolysin Acm2 (glucosaminidase)	Lp	[23]
N- deacetylation of GlcNAc	Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Inhibition of AcmA major autolysin (glucosaminidase)	Ll Ll Ll	[54]
Amidation of D-Asp	Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Resistance to nisin.	Ll Ll Ll	[56]
Amidation of mDAP	Essential for growth Control of septation Increase DacB L,D-carboxypeptidase activity	Lp Lp Lp	[57]
Teichoic acids
WTA	Bacterial morphogenesis and division	Lp	[120]
LTA	Immunomodulatory properties	La	[127]
TA alanylation	Cell morphology UV stress response Protein secretion Resistance to nisin Bacteriophage receptor Adhesion to epithelial cells Decrease of anti-inflammatory properties Colonization of mouse gastrointestinal tract	Lp, Lrh Ll Ll Ll, Lp Ld Lj Lp, Lrh Lr	[85, 112] [114] [113] [52, 85, 111] [122] [123] [100, 126] [124]
Polysaccharides
	Cell division and morphology Bacteriophage receptor Protection against phagocytosis	Ll Ll Ll	[131] [131, 133, 144] [131]
	Immunosuppressive function	Lc, Lp	[136, 142]
	Decrease adhesion and biofilm formation Protection against antimicrobial peptides (LL-37)	Lrh Lrh	[137] [147]

* Ll, Lactococcus lactis; Lc, Lactobacillus casei; Lp, Lactobacillus plantarum; Lrh, Lactobacillus rhamnosus; La, Lactobacillus acidophilus; Ld, Lactobacillus delbruekii subsp. lactis; Lj, Lactobacillus johnsonii; Lr, Lactobacillus reuteri.

ISSN: 1475-2859