Table 2 Role of cell wall glycopolymers and their structural variations in LAB.
From: Cell wall structure and function in lactic acid bacteria
| Role | Organism* | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PG variations | |||
| O-acetylation of MurNAc |
Resistance to lysozyme Activation of autolysis by amidase LytH |
Ll, Lc, Lp
Lp | [23, 45] |
|
O-acetylation of GlcNAc |
Inhibition of major autolysin Acm2 (glucosaminidase) | Lp | [23] |
|
N- deacetylation of GlcNAc |
Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Inhibition of AcmA major autolysin (glucosaminidase) |
Ll
Ll Ll | [54] |
|
Amidation of D-Asp |
Resistance to lysozyme Inhibition of autolysis Resistance to nisin. |
Ll
Ll Ll | [56] |
|
Amidation of mDAP |
Essential for growth Control of septation Increase DacB L,D-carboxypeptidase activity |
Lp
Lp Lp | [57] |
| Teichoic acids | |||
| WTA | Bacterial morphogenesis and division | Lp | [120] |
| LTA | Immunomodulatory properties | La | [127] |
| TA alanylation |
Cell morphology UV stress response Protein secretion Resistance to nisin Bacteriophage receptor Adhesion to epithelial cells Decrease of anti-inflammatory properties Colonization of mouse gastrointestinal tract |
Lp, Lrh
Ll Ll Ll, Lp Ld Lj Lp, Lrh Lr |
[85, 112] [114] [113] [52, 85, 111] [122] [123] [100, 126] [124] |
| Polysaccharides | |||
|
Cell division and morphology Bacteriophage receptor Protection against phagocytosis |
Ll
Ll Ll |
[131] [131, 133, 144] [131] | |
| Immunosuppressive function | Lc, Lp | [136, 142] | |
|
Decrease adhesion and biofilm formation Protection against antimicrobial peptides (LL-37) |
Lrh
Lrh |
[137] [147] |