From: The metabolic potential of Escherichia coli BL21 in defined and rich medium
Group1 | Hunger | Feast | Famine | Transcriptional regulation2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mineral salt medium at exponential phase | Rich medium at exponential phase | Rich medium at stationary phase | |||||
Protein1 | Function1 | Relative Protein Mass (RPM)1-% | Activation | Repression | Sigma factor | ||
Upper glycolysis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 FbaB | FBP → DHAP + G3P | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.08 |  | Cra | RpoS |
 TpiA | DHAP → G3P | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.39 |  | Cra | RpoS, RpoD |
Lower glycolysis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 GapA | G3P → 1,3-BPG | 0.70 | 0.97 | 1.23 | CRP-cAMP | Cra | RpoS, RpoD |
 GpmA | 3PG → 2PG | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.62 |  | Fur | RpoS, RpoD |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 AceE | Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA + CO2 | 0.82 | 2.15 | 1.49 | CRP-cAMP | Cra, PdhR | RpoS, RpoD |
 AceF | 0.34 | 0.82 | 0.58 | CRP-cAMP | Cra, PdhR | RpoS, RpoD | |
Acetate metabolism | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Acs | Acetate → Acetyl-CoA | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.35 | CRP-cAMP | Fis | RpoS, RpoD |
 PoxB | Pyruvate → Acetate + CO2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.08 |  |  | RpoS, RpoD |
 Pta | Acetyl-CoA → Acetyl-Phosphate | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.17 | ArcA-P |  |  |
 AckA | Acetyl-Phosphate → Acetate | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.15 | ArcA-P |  | RpoH |
TCA cycle | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 GltA | Oxaloacetate + Acetyl-CoA → Citrate | 1.12 | 0.29 | 1.25 | CRP-cAMP | ArcA-P | RpoD |
 AcnB | Citrate → Isocitrate | 0.88 | 0.60 | 1.06 | CRP-cAMP | ArcA-P, Fis | RpoD |
 SucD | Succinyl-CoA → Succinate | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.60 | CRP-cAMP | ArcA-P | RpoS, RpoD |
 SdhA | Succinate → Fumarate | 0.64 | 0.26 | 0.59 | CRP-cAMP | ArcA-P | RpoD |
 FumA | Fumarate → (S)-Malate | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.10 | CRP-cAMP | ArcA-P | RpoD |
Amino acid biosynthesis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 IlvC | Branched-chain amino acids biosynthesis | 2.83 | 0.16 | 0.13 |  | Leucine 3 | RpoD |
 MetE | Methionine biosynthesis | 3.60 | 0.10 | 0.16 |  | Methionine 3 |  |
 CysK | Cysteine biosynthesis | 0.67 | 0.19 | 0.45 |  | Cysteine 3 | RpoD |
 ThrB | Threonine biosynthesis | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.06 | DksA-ppGpp |  | RpoD |
 HisC | Histidine biosynthesis | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.04 | DksA-ppGpp |  | RpoD |
RNA polymerases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 RpoA | RNA polymerase, core enzyme | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.37 |  | DksA-ppGpp | RpoD |
Ribosomal proteins | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 RplL | 50S ribosomal subunit protein | 0.70 | 0.95 | 0.53 |  | DksA-ppGpp |  |
 RpsA | 30S ribosomal subunit protein | 0.86 | 2.11 | 0.88 |  | DksA-ppGpp | RpoD |
Elongation factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 FusA | Elongation factor G | 1.49 | 2.18 | 1.39 |  | DksA-ppGpp | RpoD, RpoE |
 TufA | Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) | 3.51 | 5.66 | 3.98 |  | DksA-ppGpp | RpoD, RpoE |
Amino acid degradation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 AstA | Arginine (to succinate) degradation | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.10 |  |  | RpoS |
 AstB | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 |  |  | RpoS | |
(Metabolite) degradation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 GabD | 4-Aminobutyrate (GABA) degradation | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.17 | CRP-cAMP |  | RpoS |
 GabT | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | CRP-cAMP |  | RpoS | |
 TreA | Trehalose degradation | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 |  |  | RpoS |
Hydroperoxide reductases and superoxide dismutase | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Tpx | Antioxidant under anaerobic condition | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.17 |  | ArcA-P | RpoD |
 SodB | Superoxide dismutase | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.91 |  | CRP-cAMP | RpoD |
DNA protection and repair | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Dps | Protection of the DNA from damage | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.65 |  | Fis | RpoS |
 UspA | A member of the RecA-dependent DNA protection and repair system | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.20 |  | FadR | RpoD |