Figure 1

Substrates and products of yeast bioprocesses. Main carbon sources employed in yeast bioprocesses are derived from (A) corn starch, (B) cane or beet sugar, (C) lignocellulose (corn stover, straw, wood etc.) and (D) crude glycerol from biodiesel production. Different native and engineered yeast strains convert the substrate to products of (E) primary or (F) secondary metabolism, or (G) recombinant proteins. Whole cell biocatalysis is a special case where (H) a complex substrate is biochemically transformed to (I) a product by the metabolic activity of yeast cells. Chemical structures are illustrative images only.