Figure 4

Isobutyric acid production during a representative fermentation. Ps. sp. strain VLB120 T7. pPAPC-Km, pPDPK (A) and C18 T7 pPAPC-Km, pPDPK (B) were cultivated in M9* pH 7.4 medium initially containing 20 g L^-1 glucose and 5 g L^-1 yeast extract. Cells were induced with 1 mM IPTG at timepoint 0 h at an OD₄₅₀ of 10. ▼: glucose, ◊: gluconate, ♦: biomass concentration, □: isobutyric acid, ○: isobutanol, Δ: 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid. Three independent fermentations were performed, all showing comparable results.