Role of commensal and probiotic bacteria in human health: a focus on inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Some examples of disbiosis found in obesity and diabetes

Disease	Disbiosis	Model	Technique	Sample	N	Reference
Obesity	↓ Bacteroidetes	Mice C57BL/6J	16S RNA sequencing	Distal intestinal content	5088 sequences	[39]
	↑ Firmicutes	Mice C57BL/6J	16S RNA sequencing	Distal intestinal content	5088 sequences	[39]
	↑ Firmicutes	Humans	16S RNA sequencing	Faecal	12	[40]
	↑ Firmicutes		Real time PCR		40	[41]
	↑ Bacteroidetes		Real time PCR		40	[41]
	↑ Bacteroidetes		16S RNA sequencing		154	[42]
	↑ H2-producing bacterial groups (Prevotellaceae family and certain groups of Firmicutes)	Humans	16S RNA sequencing	Faecal	9	[43]
Type 1 diabetes	Ratio bacteriodietes/firmicutes altered	Non obese diabetic mice (NOD)	16S RNA sequencing	Faecal		[44]
Type 2 diabetes	↓ Prevotella,	Humans	16S RNA sequencing Real time PCR	Faecal	36	[45]
	↓ Bifidobacterium spp
	↓ F. prausnitzii
			16S RNA sequencing Real time PCR DGGE		28	[46]
	↑ Bacteroides