Figure 5From: Increased isobutanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by eliminating competing pathways and resolving cofactor imbalanceIsobutanol production by metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae transformants. These transformants are co-expressing genes related to the Ehrlich pathway (kivd and ADH6), activation of the mitochondrial valine biosynthetic pathway (ILV2), the artificial pathway for 2-ketoisovalerate biosynthesis in the cytosol (Cytosolic pathway) and two versions of transhydrogenase-like shunt (MAE1 and PYC2-MDH2-sMAE1) in combination with the single-gene deletion of LPD1 (lpd1 Δ). Isobutanol titers were determined at 48 h after the fermentation start. Each data point represents the mean (SD) values obtained from 3 replicate fermentations.Back to article page