Figure 1
From: Biosynthesis of caffeic acid in Escherichia coli using its endogenous hydroxylase complex
Proposed caffeic acid biosynthetic pathway. (A) Native tyrosine biosynthetic pathway in E. coli. (B) The artificial dual pathway mediated by 4HPA3H and TAL for caffeic acid biosynthesis from tyrosine. PPS: phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; TKT: transketolase; CM-PDH: chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase; DAHPS: 3-deoxy-D-arabino- heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase; 4HPA3H: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase; TAL: tyrosine ammonia lyase; E4P: D-erythrose-4-phosphate; PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; HPP: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.