Figure 6

Extended overflow metabolism during classical batch cultivation. (A) State under carbon excess of the primary carbon source. Growth is exponential but due to a misbalance between carbon uptake and consumption an overflow of primary by-products (blue circles) and metabolites (red and orange circles) occurs. (B) State under limited growth conditions involving re-uptake of primary by-products and ongoing overflow of metabolites. (C) State under primary carbon source and by-product limitation. Growth is stationary and accompanied by a decrease in cell size, re-uptake of metabolites, protein and mRNA degradation and overflow of amino acids.