Figure 1From: Multi-omics approach to study the growth efficiency and amino acid metabolism in Lactococcus lactis at various specific growth ratesTypical A-stat cultivation, where dilution rate dependent metabolism of L. lactis is illustrated. D - dilution rate (h-1); X - biomass concentration (g (dry cellular weight) L-1); μ - specific growth rate (h-1); lact, form, glc, eth, ace - lactate, formate, glucose, ethanol, acetate concentration in bioreactor, respectively (mM). D, μ and X are monitored constantly; metabolite concentrations are measured with a frequency of approximately 0.01 h-1.Back to article page